Microbial biotransformation of beclomethasone dipropionate by Aspergillus niger

In the present research, the steroidal anti-asthmatic drug beclomethasone dipropionate was subjected to microbial biotransformation by Aspergillus niger. Beclomethasone dipropionate was transformed into various metabolites first time from microbial transformation. New drug metabolites produced can act as new potential drug molecules and can replace the old drugs in terms of safety, efficacy, and least resistance. They were purified by preparative thin layer chromatography technique, and their structures were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques, such as 13C NMR, 1H NMR, HMQC, HMQC, COSY, and NOESY, and mass spectrometry, such as EI-MS. Four metabolites were purified: (i) beclomethasone 17-monopropionate, (ii) beclomethasone 21-monopropionate, (iii) beclomethasone, and (iv) 9beta,11beta-epoxy-17,21-dihydroxy-16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-propionate.

Na pesquisa presente o fármaco esteróide antiasmático dipropionato de beclometasona foi submetido à biotransformação microbiana pelo Aspergillus niger. O dipropionato de beclometasona foi transformado, pela primeira vez, em metabólitos variados por biotransformação microbiana. Novos metabólitos do fármaco produzidos podem agir como novas moléculas potenciais e podem substituir os fármacos antigos em questão de segurança, eficácia e mínima resistência. Eles foram purificados por cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa e as suas estruturas foram elucidadas usando técnicas espectroscópicas modernas, como 13C NMR, 1H NMR; HMQC; HMQC; COSY, NOESY e espectrometria de massas, por exemplo, EI-MS. Purificaram-se quatro metabólitos, denominados (i) 17-monopropionato de beclometasona; (ii) 21-monopropionato de beclometasona: (iii) beclometasona e (iv) 21-propionato de 9beta,11beta-epoxi-17,21-diidroxi-16beta-metilpregna-1,4-dieno-3,20-diona.

Assessment of Impact of Cigarette Cautionary Labels in Warning People about the Smoking Hazards: Survey in Smokers and Non-smokers of Bahawalpur region.

Health warnings on cigarette packages are the widespread means of communicating the health threats of smoking. On the other hand, a small number of investigations have estimated the force of package cautions on customer information about tobacco harm threats.The ultimate goal of the research was to analyze the knowledge of smokers and non smokers in the region of Bahawalpur City of the country Pakistan that it is no longer a significant public health problem for our nation. Active and Passive smoking is very common in that region of country Pakistan.A questioner survey was carried out with 611 adult smokers and non-smokers from the region of Bahawalpur City. Volunteers were asked to state whether they supposed smoking is the reason of heart disease, stroke, impotence, lung cancer in smokers. Volunteers were also asked whether the following chemicals are present in cigarette smoke such cyanide, arsenic & carbon monoxide. Volunteers were also asked whether the warning labels reflected that tobacco products are hazardous and whether the warning labels are useful in quitting smoking. Different parameters also were also included like why it is difficult to quit smoking.Smokers in the Bahawalpur city showed major space in their information of the threats of smoking. Smokers who observed that cautions were considerably more likely to support health cautions, counting lung cancer and heart disease. Not much people were satisfied with the contents of warning labels in Pakistan and images played a important role in quieting smoking. Cigarette pack should contain big prints warning label, at both sides in more than one languages and should contain pictures. It is concluded that Smokers are fairly informed about the risks of smoking. Warnings that are graphic, larger, and more comprehensive in content are more effective in communicating the health risks of smoking.